Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs, causing them to become inflamed, narrowed, and filled with mucus. This leads to recurring episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or early in the morning.
Asthma can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens (like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander), respiratory infections, cold air, exercise, smoke, pollution, and stress. The severity and frequency of symptoms vary from person to person.
Although the exact cause of asthma is not fully understood, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It often begins in childhood but can develop at any age.
Asthma is diagnosed based on medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests such as spirometry. There is no cure, but asthma can be effectively managed.
Treatment typically includes quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators) for immediate symptom relief and long-term control medications like inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Avoiding triggers and following an asthma action plan are essential parts of management.
With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, most people with asthma can control their symptoms and lead active, healthy lives. Regular monitoring is important for effective control.