Glaucoma: An Overview
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and blindness if untreated. It is often caused by increased pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure), but it can also occur with normal eye pressure. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Causes and Risk Factors
Glaucoma develops when fluid buildup in the eye increases pressure, damaging the optic nerve. Risk factors include:
- Age: More common in people over 40.
- Family history: Genetic predisposition increases the risk.
- Medical conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease contribute to glaucoma risk.
- Eye conditions: Severe myopia, previous eye injuries, or long-term steroid use can lead to glaucoma.
Types of Glaucoma
- Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most common): Develops slowly with no early symptoms.
- Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A sudden increase in eye pressure, causing pain and vision loss.
- Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Damage occurs despite normal eye pressure.
Symptoms and Treatment
Early glaucoma has no symptoms. Later stages cause vision loss, eye pain, and halos around lights. Treatment includes eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and prevention of vision loss.