Macular degeneration is an eye condition that affects the central part of the retina (macula), leading to gradual vision loss. It primarily impacts people over 50, making it a leading cause of vision impairment in older adults.
Types:
There are two main types:
- Dry Macular Degeneration: The more common form, caused by the thinning of the macula and buildup of drusen (fatty deposits).
- Wet Macular Degeneration: Less common but more severe, involving abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, leading to fluid or blood leakage.
Symptoms:
Early symptoms include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading, and trouble recognizing faces. Over time, vision may deteriorate further, leading to blind spots in the central field.
Risk Factors:
Age, genetics, smoking, obesity, and prolonged exposure to UV light increase the risk of developing macular degeneration.
Management:
While there is no cure, treatments like lifestyle changes, anti-VEGF injections, and laser therapy can slow progression. Regular eye exams, a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, and avoiding smoking are essential preventive measures.
Macular degeneration significantly impacts daily activities but early detection and proper care can help preserve vision.