Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition where the contents of the stomach, including stomach acid, flow back into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
In a healthy functioning digestive system, a muscular ring called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. However, in people with acid reflux, the LES may weaken or relax, allowing stomach acid to escape into the esophagus. This can lead to a variety of symptoms and discomfort.
The primary symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest or throat. Other common symptoms include regurgitation (the sensation of acid backing up into the throat or mouth), difficulty swallowing, a sour or acidic taste in the mouth, and a persistent cough. Some individuals may also experience chest pain, hoarseness, or sore throat.
Several factors can contribute to the development of acid reflux, including:
- Diet: Certain foods and beverages, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, spicy foods, fatty or fried foods, caffeine, and alcohol, can trigger or worsen acid reflux symptoms.
- Obesity: Excess weight and abdominal fat can put pressure on the stomach, leading to increased risk of acid reflux.
- Hiatal hernia: This occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, allowing acid to flow back into the esophagus more easily.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased pressure on the abdomen during pregnancy can contribute to acid reflux.
- Smoking: Smoking weakens the LES and can worsen symptoms of acid reflux.
Treatment for acid reflux often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and, in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle modifications may include:
- Avoiding trigger foods and beverages.
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals.
- Not lying down or going to bed immediately after eating.
- Elevating the head of the bed to reduce nighttime symptoms.
- Losing weight if overweight.
- Quitting smoking.
Over-the-counter antacids or acid reducers (H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors) can help alleviate symptoms. If symptoms persist or become severe, a healthcare professional may prescribe stronger medications or recommend surgical options to reinforce the LES or correct any anatomical issues.
It’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific situation.