Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus, transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and poses a major public health concern, especially during and after rainy seasons.
There are four distinct but closely related dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity to that type but not to the others, increasing the risk of severe dengue in subsequent infections.
Symptoms typically appear 4–10 days after a mosquito bite and include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and mild bleeding (such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding). In some cases, the disease progresses to severe dengue (previously known as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome), which can cause severe bleeding, organ failure, and even death.
Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, blood tests, and confirmation of the virus or antibodies. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Management focuses on supportive care—hydration, fever control, and monitoring for warning signs.
Prevention relies on mosquito control measures, such as eliminating breeding sites, using insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing. A dengue vaccine is available in some countries under specific conditions.