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Detecting blindness involves assessing a person’s ability to perceive light, shapes, and details. Here are key methods:

1. Observation of Symptoms

  • Total blindness: No perception of light.
  • Partial blindness: Blurry vision, tunnel vision, or difficulty seeing in low light.
  • Signs in infants: No eye contact, lack of response to visual stimuli, unusual eye movements.

2. Simple Home Tests

  • Light Perception Test: Shine a flashlight into the eye and check for a reaction.
  • Object Tracking: Move an object in front of the person’s eyes and observe if they follow it.

3. Clinical Tests

  • Visual Acuity Test: Uses an eye chart to measure clarity of vision.
  • Pupillary Light Reflex Test: Checks if pupils respond to light.
  • Electroretinogram (ERG): Measures electrical responses in the retina.
  • Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the retina for damage.
  • MRI or CT Scan: Detects brain or optic nerve issues affecting vision.

If blindness is suspected, an ophthalmologist should evaluate the condition immediately for diagnosis and possible treatment.