Causes and Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs when abnormal cells in the colon or rectum grow uncontrollably. While the exact cause is unknown, several factors increase the risk of developing this cancer.
Major Risk Factors
- Age: People over 50 are at a higher risk, though younger individuals can also develop colorectal cancer.
- Family History and Genetics: A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the likelihood of developing the disease. Hereditary conditions like Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) also contribute to higher risk.
- Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables may promote cancer growth.
- Lifestyle Factors: Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cause chronic inflammation, raising the risk of CRC.
- Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: People with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis may increase colorectal cancer risk.
Prevention
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and undergoing routine screenings can significantly lower the risk of colorectal cancer.