Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, reproduction, and cell growth. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to various health issues, particularly in children and pregnant women, making it a significant global health concern.
Causes:
Vitamin A deficiency often results from insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A-rich foods like leafy greens, carrots, fish, eggs, and dairy products. It is more prevalent in developing countries with limited access to diverse diets. Malabsorption conditions, such as celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or chronic diarrhea, can also impair the body’s ability to absorb vitamin A.
Symptoms:
Early signs of deficiency include night blindness (difficulty seeing in low light), dry eyes, and an increased susceptibility to infections. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as complete blindness, keratinization of the skin, and a weakened immune system, increasing the risk of severe infections.
Prevention and Treatment:
Prevention involves consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamin A and fortified foods. For at-risk populations, vitamin A supplementation programs are highly effective. Treatment includes oral or injectable vitamin A supplements to address deficiencies and prevent further complications. Early detection is crucial to mitigate the health impacts of this deficiency.