Macular dystrophy is a rare, inherited eye disorder that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Unlike macular degeneration, which develops with age, macular dystrophy is primarily genetic and often diagnosed earlier in life.
Types:
There are several forms of macular dystrophy, with Stargardt disease being the most common. Others include Best’s disease and pattern dystrophies, each with unique characteristics but similar impacts on central vision.
Symptoms:
The condition typically begins with blurred or distorted central vision, making it difficult to read, recognize faces, or focus on fine details. Over time, it may lead to progressive central vision loss, while peripheral vision often remains unaffected.
Causes:
Macular dystrophy occurs due to mutations in specific genes that affect retinal cells’ function and health. It is often inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern.
Diagnosis and Management:
It is diagnosed through eye exams, genetic testing, and imaging techniques like OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography). While no cure exists, supportive treatments like low-vision aids, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring can help manage symptoms.
Impact:
Macular dystrophy affects daily activities, but early diagnosis and adaptive strategies can improve quality of life for those affected.