Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent layer of tissue that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. It can be caused by various factors, including viral, bacterial, and allergic reactions. The way conjunctivitis spreads depends on its underlying cause:
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis is usually caused by viruses such as adenovirus and is highly contagious. It can spread through direct contact with an infected person’s eye secretions or respiratory droplets. This can occur when an infected person touches their eyes and then touches objects or surfaces, which others subsequently touch. If you touch those contaminated surfaces and then touch your own eyes, you can become infected.
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacterial infections, commonly by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. This type of conjunctivitis is also contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated objects.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious and is triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. It is a reaction of the immune system and does not involve infection. It can, however, worsen if you continue to be exposed to the allergen.
- Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis: This is an allergic reaction caused by the presence of foreign bodies in the eye, such as contact lenses or sutures. It is not contagious and is characterized by the formation of large bumps on the inner surface of the eyelids.
To prevent the spread of conjunctivitis, regardless of its cause:
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after touching your eyes or coming into contact with someone who has conjunctivitis.
- Avoid touching your eyes with your hands.
- Do not share personal items like towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup with someone who has conjunctivitis.
- If you or someone in your household has conjunctivitis, try to avoid close contact with others, especially in situations where you might come into direct contact with their eye secretions.
If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, particularly if it’s causing discomfort or affecting your vision, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. They can determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate guidance to manage the condition and prevent its spread.