Sarcoma is a type of cancer that originates in the soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, fat, blood vessels, nerves, and deep skin tissues. It can also develop in the bones, which is known as osteosarcoma. Sarcoma is relatively rare compared to other forms of cancer, accounting for about 1% of adult cancers and 15% of pediatric cancers.
There are several subtypes of sarcoma, including:
- Soft tissue sarcoma: This type of sarcoma develops in the soft tissues of the body, including muscles, fat, tendons, and blood vessels. It can occur in any part of the body but is most commonly found in the arms, legs, trunk, and abdomen.
- Bone sarcoma: Bone sarcomas primarily affect the bones and can be further classified into osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone sarcoma and usually affects children and young adults.
The symptoms of sarcoma can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Some common signs and symptoms may include:
- A palpable lump or swelling in the affected area
- Pain or tenderness at the tumor site
- Limited range of motion if the tumor affects muscles or joints
- Fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or general malaise in advanced stages
Diagnosis of sarcoma involves a combination of imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, as well as a biopsy to examine the tissue sample under a microscope. Once diagnosed, the stage of the cancer is determined to guide treatment decisions.
Treatment options for sarcoma depend on various factors, including the type, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health.
The prognosis for sarcoma varies depending on factors such as the tumor type, stage, location, and the patient’s response to treatment. Early detection and intervention can improve outcomes, but sarcoma can be challenging to diagnose in its early stages, often leading to a more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.