World Thyroid Day – May 25

Thyroid hormones are a group of hormones produced by the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck. Here are 10 key points about thyroid hormones:

1. The primary thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body.
2. The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland through a feedback loop known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
3. The thyroid gland primarily produces T4, which is converted into the more active form, T3, in various tissues throughout the body.
4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones.
5. Thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate of cells and help regulate body temperature, heart rate, and energy levels.
6. Insufficient production of thyroid hormones can result in hypothyroidism, characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and slow heart rate.
7. On the other hand, excessive production of thyroid hormones leads to hyperthyroidism, which can cause symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heart rate, tremors, and increased sensitivity to heat.
8. Thyroid hormones also play a critical role in growth and development, particularly in children. Insufficient thyroid hormone levels during childhood can lead to developmental delays and impaired intellectual function (a condition known as cretinism).
9. Thyroid function can be assessed through blood tests that measure levels of TSH, T4, and T3. These tests help diagnose thyroid disorders and guide treatment decisions.
10. Treatment for thyroid disorders typically involves hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormones are prescribed to supplement or replace the inadequate production of thyroid hormones. Medications such as levothyroxine (Synthroid) are commonly used for hypothyroidism, while anti-thyroid medications or radioactive iodine therapy may be employed for hyperthyroidism.